I. INTRODUCTION
Composite structures
can be defined as the Structures in which composite sections made up of two
different types of materials such as steel and concrete are used for beams, and
columns. This paper include comparative
study of R.C.C. with
Steel Concrete Composite (G+12, G+16, G+20, G+24) story buildings which
situated in
Nagpur earthquake zone
II and wind speed 44m/s. Equivalent Static Method of Analysis is used. For
modeling of Composite & R.C.C. structures, STAAD-Pro software is used and
the results are compared. Comparative study includes deflection, axial force and
shear force, bending moment in column and beam, cost. It is found that composite
structure is more economical and speedy than R.C.C structure.
II. COPOSITE MULTISTORIED BUILDINGS
The primary structural components use in composite construction
consists of the following elements.
1. Composite deck slab
2. Composite beam
3. Composite column
4. Shear connector
2.1. COMPOSITE DECK SLAB
Composite floor system consists of steel beams, metal decking and
concrete. They are combined in a very
efficient way so that the best properties of each material can be used
to optimize construction techniques. The most common arrangement found in
composite floor systems is a rolled or built-up steel beam connected to a
formed steel deck and concrete slab. The metal deck typically spans unsupported
between steel members, while also providing a working platform for concreting
work. The composite floor system produces a rigid horizontal diaphragm,
providing stability to the overall building system, while distributing wind and
seismic shears to the lateral load-resisting systemsComposite action increases
the load carrying capacity and stiffness by factors of around 2 and 3.5 respectively.
The concrete forms the compression flange – the steel provides the tension
component and shear connectors ensure that the section behaves compositely.
Beam spans of 6 to 12 m can be created giving maximum flexibility and division
of the internal space. Composite slabs use steel decking of 46 to 80 mm depth
that can span 3 to 4.5 m without temporary propping. Slab thicknesses are
normally in the range 100 mm to 250 mm for shallow decking, and in the range
280 mm to 320 mm for deep
decking. Composite slabs are usually designed as simply supported
members in the normal condition,
with no account taken of the continuity offered by any reinforcement at
the supports.
COMPOSITE ACTION IN BEAMS :- Composite
action increases the load carrying capacity and stiffness by factors of around
2 and 3.5 respectively. The concrete forms the compression flange – the steel
provides the tension component and shear connectors ensure that the section
behaves compositely. Beam spans of 6 to 12 m can be created giving maximum flexibility
and division of the internal space. Composite slabs use steel decking of
46 to 80 mm depth that can span 3 to 4.5 m without temporary propping.
Slab thicknesses are normally in
the range 100 mm to 250 mm for shallow decking, and in the range 280 mm
to 320 mm for deep decking. Composite slabs are usually designed as simply
supported members in the normal condition, with no account taken of the
continuity offered by any reinforcement at the supports. zero at mid-span and
maximum at the support of the simply supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed
load. Hence, shear is less in connectors located near the centre and maximum in
connectors located near the support.Composite beams are often designed under
the assumption that the steel beam supports the weight of the structural steel
or wet
concrete plus construction loads.This approach results in considerably
less number of connectors than they are required to enable the maximum bending
resistance of the composite beam to be reached. However the use ofsuch partial
shear connection results in reduced resistance and stiffness.
2.2 ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE
BEAMS
1. Keeping the span and loading unaltered, more economical steel
section in terms of depth and weight) is adequate in composite construction compared
with conventional non-composite construction.
2. Encased steel beam sections have improved fire resistance and
corrosion.
3. It satisfied requirement of long span construction a modern trend in
architectural design.
4. Composite construction is amenable to fast track construction
because of use of rolled steel sections.
5. Composite sections have higher stiffness than the corresponding
steel sections and thus the deflection is lesser.
6. Permits easy structural repairs/ modification.
7. Provides considerable flexibility in design and ease of fabrication.
8. Enables easy construction scheduling in congested sites.
9. Reduction in overall weight of the structure and there by reduction
in foundation cost.
10. Suitable to resist repeated earthquake loading which requires high
amount of resistance and
ductility.
THE ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE COLUMNS
ARE
1) Increased strength for a given cross sectional dimension.
2) Increased stiffness, leading to reduced slenderness and increased
bulking resistance.
3) Good fire resistance in the case of concrete encased columns.
4) Corrosion protection in encased columns.
5) Significant economic advantages over either pure structural steel or
reinforced concrete alternatives.
6) Identical cross sections with different load and moment resistances
can be produced by varying steel thickness, the concrete strength and reinforcement.
This allows the outer dimensions of a column to be held constant over a number of
floors in a building, thus simplifying the construction and architectural
detailing.
7) Erection of high rise building in an extremely efficient manner.
8) Formwork is not required for concrete filled tubular sections.