Quality of water

Impurity                                                                Causes

Suspended impurities

a) Silt, Clay                                                          -Turbidity

b) Bacteria                                                                             

i) Pathogenic                                                        -Typhoid, Paratyphoid, Cholera, Bacillary, Dysentery        

ii) Non-Pathogenic                                                 1.Slim forming bacteria

                                                                                2.Iron Bacteria-cause pitting, turbidity

                                                                                3.sulpher bacteria-acidity, corrosion

c) Virus                                                                   1.infectious hepatitis (Jaundice)

                                                                                2.Poliomylities

d) Algae and Protozoa                                           -  Colour, turbidity, odour, taste, acidity, 

                                                                                   and amoebic dysentery  

e) Helminthes                                                         -Tape worm, Round worm

Dissolved Impurities         

a) Ca(HCO₃)₂, Mg(HCO₃)₂                                            Alkalinity, Hardness, Laxative effect,

                                                                                   Corrosion

   CaSO₄, MgSO₄, CaCl₂, MgCl₂                                                                                                                                                        

b) Na₂SO₄                                                                 -Foaming in boilers

c) NaF                                                                        -Fluorosis

d) Iron and Manganese                                              -Red,Brown/Black Colour, Taste Corrosion

e) Lead                                                                       -Cumulative Poison, Plumbo solveny

f) Nitrates                                                                   -Methamogloninemia (Blue Babies)

g) CO₂                                                                        -Acidity, Corrosion

h) H₂S                                                                        -Acidity, Corrosion and foul smell

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Properties of Fluid

1. Cavitation
2. Capillarity
3. Compressibility
4. Density
5. Density of Water
6. Equation of Continuity
7. Fluid Water Pressure
8. Mass
9. Newton law of Viscosity
10. Pascal's law

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